Ethical Considerations in Modern Surrogacy

Surrogacy raises complex ethical questions that require careful balancing of rights, responsibilities and values. We explore issues such as informed consent, compensation, autonomy, and the wellbeing of the children born through surrogacy. By understanding these topics, intended parents and surrogates can make thoughtful choices that respect everyone involved.

Informed Consent

All parties must understand the medical procedures, risks and expectations involved in surrogacy. Informed consent goes beyond signed contracts; it requires ongoing dialogue and the opportunity to withdraw at any stage prior to embryo transfer. Ethical agencies provide clear information and respect surrogates’ and donors’ autonomy.

Compensation and Altruism

In Canada, the law mandates altruistic surrogacy to prevent exploitation and commodification of pregnancy. Surrogates can only be reimbursed for reasonable expenses. Ethical debates continue about whether surrogates should receive additional compensation. Advocates for altruism argue that limiting payment protects vulnerable women, while opponents claim that fairly compensating surrogates acknowledges their labour and risk.

Autonomy and Power Dynamics

Ethical surrogacy respects the autonomy of the surrogate, allowing her to make decisions about her health and pregnancy. Power imbalances can arise when intended parents exert undue influence. Clear contracts, independent legal counsel and counselling help mitigate these dynamics.

Rights of the Child

Children born through surrogacy have the right to know their genetic origins and to be raised in loving homes. Ethical practice considers the child’s welfare, including the psychological impact of learning about their birth story. Many advocates support open communication and access to donor or surrogate information when the child reaches adulthood.

Cross-Border and Cultural Considerations

International surrogacy raises concerns about exploitation, as intended parents from wealthier countries may seek surrogates in less affluent regions. Ensuring fair treatment, robust legal protections and global standards for surrogacy agreements helps address these concerns. Cultural attitudes toward surrogacy also vary, influencing public policy and societal acceptance.

Case Study

Sara and Miguel worked with a surrogate in their home province to build their family. They carefully discussed compensation, autonomy and contact after birth. When their daughter turned 18, the family shared her surrogacy story openly. She expressed gratitude for knowing her origins and having a relationship with her surrogate. The arrangement exemplified ethical surrogacy with clear communication and respect.

Testimonials

“Transparency and respect guided every decision in our surrogacy journey.”

– Sara & Miguel

“I felt empowered because my agency prioritised my autonomy.”

– Alina, Surrogate

“As an adult born through surrogacy, I appreciate that my parents and surrogate maintained a relationship so I could learn my story.”

– Bianca

Helpful Resources for Intended Parents

• Surrogacy laws and parental rights
• Ethical considerations of international surrogacy
• LGBTQ+ surrogacy and family dynamics

FAQs

Q: Are surrogates exploited?

Ans: Proper regulations, informed consent and fair contracts prevent exploitation.

Q: Can surrogates change their mind?

Ans: Before embryo transfer, yes. After pregnancy begins, contracts and court orders govern parentage.

Q: Should children know their birth story?

Ans: Many experts recommend openness to support identity development.

Next Steps with Patients Medical NYC

We advocate for ethical surrogacy practices that respect the rights of surrogates, intended parents and children. Our team offers guidance on legal compliance and ethical decision-making. Contact us to learn more.