What Makes a Pregnancy Non-Viable? Medical Criteria Explained

By Dr. Kulsoom Baloch

Learn more about Dr. Baloch

Introduction

Hearing the term  non-viable pregnancy can be heartbreaking for expecting parents. It refers to a pregnancy that cannot continue normally and will not result in the birth of a living baby. This article helps explain what constitutes a non-viable pregnancy, how it’s diagnosed, and what next steps are available for those affected.

What Is a Non-Viable Pregnancy?

A non-viable pregnancy is one where the embryo or fetus is unable to survive. This usually occurs in the first trimester and is diagnosed based on certain medical signs like a missing heartbeat or abnormal development seen in an ultrasound.

Medical Criteria for Non-Viable Pregnancy

• No fetal heartbeat: by 6–7 weeks of gestation
• Empty gestational sac: (blighted ovum)
• Fetal size not matching gestational age
• No embryo visible: after a certain gestational point
• Implantation outside the uterus: (ectopic pregnancy)

Common Causes

• Genetic abnormalities: in the embryo
• Hormonal imbalances
• Maternal health conditions: (e.g., diabetes, thyroid disorders)
• Infections
• Structural issues: with the uterus

Symptoms of a Non-Viable Pregnancy

• Vaginal bleeding
• Cramping
• Loss of pregnancy symptoms (e.g., nausea, breast tenderness)
• No heartbeat on ultrasound

Diagnosis

Doctors use **transvaginal ultrasounds**, **beta-hCG blood levels**, and **physical examinations** to confirm viability. Diagnosis may require more than one ultrasound to ensure accuracy.

Emotional Impact

Receiving news of a non-viable pregnancy can be emotionally overwhelming. It’s important to seek emotional support and counseling during this time. Organizations and mental health professionals can help navigate grief and next steps.

What Happens Next?

Options include:

• Expectant management: (waiting for natural miscarriage)
• Medical management: (medications to help expel pregnancy tissue)
• Surgical management: (D&C procedure)

Discuss these options with your OB-GYN or fertility team.

Can You Try Again?

Yes. Most women who experience a non-viable pregnancy go on to have healthy pregnancies later. Your doctor may recommend tests or lifestyle adjustments before trying again.

Conclusion

A non-viable pregnancy is a painful experience, but you’re not alone. With compassionate care, emotional support, and medical guidance, you can move forward and continue your family-building journey. At Surrogacy4All, we are here to support you through every stage of reproductive health.