Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Causes and Impact

By Dr. Kulsoom Baloch

Learn more about Dr. Baloch

Introduction

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which a baby grows slower than expected during pregnancy. For surrogates and intended parents, understanding the risks, causes, and care plans associated with IUGR is critical to ensuring a healthy outcome.

What Is IUGR?

IUGR occurs when a fetus weighs less than the 10th percentile for its gestational age. This means the baby is smaller than most others at the same point in pregnancy, often due to reduced oxygen or nutrient delivery.

Types of IUGR

• Symmetrical IUGR: The baby is proportionally small due to early pregnancy issues (e.g., chromosomal abnormalities, infections).
• Asymmetrical IUGR: The head and brain are normal in size, but the body is smaller—typically due to placental insufficiency in the third trimester.

What Causes IUGR?

Common causes include:

• Poor placental blood flow
• High blood pressure or preeclampsia
• Smoking, substance use
• Chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, kidney disease)
• Twin or multiple pregnancies
• Genetic or chromosomal conditions

How Is IUGR Diagnosed?

• Fundal height measurements during prenatal visits
• Ultrasound scans to measure fetal size and growth trends
• Doppler flow studies of the umbilical artery
• Monitoring amniotic fluid levels

Risks of IUGR

• Premature birth
• Low birth weight
• Low Apgar scores at birth
• Need for NICU support
• Higher risk of stillbirth if untreated

Management and Treatment

• Close monitoring with frequent ultrasounds
• Bed rest and nutritional support for the surrogate
• Delivery may be recommended early if the baby is not growing
• Steroids may be given before early delivery to mature baby’s lungs

Does IUGR Affect Surrogate Pregnancies?

Yes, but with professional monitoring and early detection, outcomes are often positive. Surrogates receive high-level care through licensed fertility clinics and OBs, and IUGR is closely managed.

Conclusion

Intrauterine Growth Restriction is a serious but manageable pregnancy complication. At Surrogacy4All, our surrogates are medically supported from day one, and any risks like IUGR are monitored with vigilance and care.