Course / Male Factor & Tubal Factor
A successful fertility journey begins with a comprehensive evaluation of both partners to identify potential causes of infertility. Among Latinx patients, as with other populations, the underlying reasons can include ovulatory disorders, male factor infertility, tubal damage, or unexplained causes.
A fertility specialist typically recommends:
Baseline hormonal assessment (FSH, AMH, Estradiol) to evaluate ovarian reserve and function.
Semen analysis to measure sperm count, motility, and morphology.
Imaging studies such as hysterosalpingogram (HSG) or sonohysterography to check for tubal patency and uterine abnormalities.
Genetic or infectious disease screening when relevant, as some conditions may be more prevalent in specific populations.
Identifying the cause is crucial to selecting the most effective treatment pathway and maximizing success rates.
Male factor infertility contributes to roughly 40–50% of infertility cases. Causes can range from low sperm count and motility to structural or genetic issues.
Common causes include:
Hormonal imbalances affecting testosterone and sperm production.
Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, obesity, or exposure to environmental toxins.
Varicocele, an enlarged vein in the scrotum that impairs sperm quality.
Genetic abnormalities like Y-chromosome microdeletions or Klinefelter’s syndrome.
Treatment options depend on the severity and cause:
Lifestyle and medical interventions (weight management, antioxidant therapy, hormonal regulation).
Surgical correction (for varicocele or obstructions).
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART):
IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) for mild to moderate male factor.
IVF with ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) for severe cases, where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg.
Advancements in sperm retrieval techniques (such as micro-TESE) have made biological parenthood achievable even in men with extremely low or absent sperm counts.
Tubal factor infertility occurs when one or both fallopian tubes are blocked or damaged, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting naturally. This is one of the most common causes of infertility in women.
Causes include:
Pelvic infections (PID) from sexually transmitted infections.
Endometriosis, which can cause adhesions and scarring.
Previous surgeries in the pelvic region.
Hydrosalpinx, a condition where a fallopian tube is filled with fluid.
Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like HSG or laparoscopy.
Treatment options:
Surgical repair or removal of damaged tubes in mild cases.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) for moderate to severe damage, bypassing the fallopian tubes entirely.
For patients with hydrosalpinx, removing or sealing the affected tube before IVF can significantly improve outcomes.
Reciprocal IVF (also known as co-maternity) is a special approach often chosen by same-sex female couples. In this method:
One partner provides the eggs (the genetic link), and
The other partner carries the pregnancy (the gestational link).
This allows both partners to participate biologically in the creation of their child.
Steps include:
Ovarian stimulation of the egg-providing partner.
Egg retrieval and fertilization using donor sperm.
Embryo transfer into the uterus of the partner who will carry the pregnancy.
For Latinx patients, cultural and familial inclusivity is an important part of the counseling process, ensuring both partners are fully supported through medical and emotional aspects of reciprocal IVF.
The cost of IVF varies depending on clinic, geographic region, and individual treatment complexity. In the U.S., typical costs range between $12,000–$20,000 per IVF cycle, excluding medications.
Additional costs may include:
Donor sperm: $500–$1,500 per vial
Genetic testing (PGT-A): $3,000–$5,000
Reciprocal IVF procedures: Additional fees for cycle synchronization and embryo transfer.
At Surrogacy4All, we assist patients in optimizing costs through package plans, transparent pricing, and guidance on insurance coverage or financing options.
Our job is to listen, to connect the dots between your needs, and to determine how we can best help you have your baby. If you’re asking how much does it cost for a surrogate, we’ll walk you through every step of the process to ensure there are no surprises.
To make an appointment with one of our counselors or physicians, please call (212) 661-7673 or email info@surrogacy4all.com. We look forward to hearing from you.
Surrogacy4All is a unique international surrogacy service targeted at providing state of the art IVF and surrogacy services to Intended Parents irrespective of age, sex or color, at the lowest possible cost in the world.
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